in Requests Model. 055 cm ± 0. Historically, a modified radical mastectomy was the primary method of treatment for breast cancer. 1–36. 005), respectively. Rounded morphology or irregular margins. The swelling may occur as a result of an infection, a systemic (whole-body) disease, an autoimmune disorder, or certain cancers. II: behind pectoralis minor. Microcalcifications are one of the main ways radiologists detect breast cancer on mammogram in the very early stages ( Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In the supraclaviclar fossa > 1cm is significant. Don't use your real name here!Arm paresthesia effects following axillary dissection. Complete AXLND as part of the surgical therapy for breast cancer has come under increased scrutiny due the use of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy technique to assess the status of the axillary nodes. 2. Oxillery - Discussion Thread. This article discusses normal (physiological) intramammary lymph nodes. PET scans most commonly use a glucose molecule attached to a radioactive molecule which is then distributed throughout the body. INTRODUCTION. We all experience aches and pains from. Introduction. Imaging of the axilla typically occurs when patients present with axillary symptoms or newly diagnosed breast cancer. Castleman disease is a rare inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown cause. 1200/JCO. 19 September 2023. ICD-11: 2D60. Cytomorphology revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma, compatible to that of primary ovarian tumor. Methods. Some of the causes of swollen retroperitoneal lymph nodes include: Infections like tuberculosis. The best social network with a lot of leaked girls from Onlyfans, Patreon and other nude content. One of the main criteria for indication of NACT in early BC beside tumor biology characteristics is an involvement of the axillary lymph nodes [2, 3]. A modified radical mastectomy is a procedure in which the entire breast is removed, including the skin, areola, nipple, and most axillary lymph nodes, but the pectoralis major muscle is spared. Background The omission of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with breast cancer who have metastatic sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) undergoing mastectomy remains controversial. If the lymph nodes detect an unrecognizable substance they. Original. The most important risk factors are increased estrogen exposure, advanced age, and genetic predisposition (e. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a condition in which the lymph nodes in the chest are enlarged. Findings. Charts were analyzed to determine the association between the absolute number of axillary lymph nodes removed and. Introduction. Simple (or total) mastectomy. Background: Ectopic fat deposition in obesity is associated with organ dysfunction; however, little is known about fat deposition within the lymphatic system and associated lymphatic dysfunction. This means you’re asleep during the surgery. This abnormal position of the scapula can lead to many physical functional disabilities such as pain, decreased strength, and range of motion. Simaria simaria. Lymphadenopathy can affect cats at any age. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with approximately 2. Importance The increasing use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) has led to substantial pathological complete response rates in patients with initially node-positive, early breast cancer, thereby questioning the need for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). We provide the most comprehensive collection of oxillery Onlyfans leaked porn video 1 ( 41. Swelling under the armpit. The purpose of this article is to review the indications for axillary imaging, discuss the. 5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6. It serves as a space for neurovascular and lymphatic structures to travel through to reach the upper extremity from the neck. Oxillery Photo #fapezai14. Because it disrupts more of the normal tissue in the underarm area, axillary dissection is more likely to affect arm function and cause lymphedema. The breasts are paired structures located on the anterior thoracic wall, in the pectoral region. The difference in lymphedema and pain prevalence between SLNB and ALND was 13. PMRT is directed at the chest wall and often includes the regional lymph nodes that. Objectives: To summarize evidence regarding the role of axillary interventions (surgical and nonsurgical) in breast cancer treatment and to review the association of these axillary interventions with recurrence of. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. 27 at the antecubital fossa (p < 0. Whilst it can often be something simple to deal with, it can also be an indication of something more serious so understanding what the lymph nodes are, identifying when there are enlarged lymph nodes and getting. The standard anatomy textbooks most commonly consider the lateral thoracic artery to be a branch of the axillary artery. Crystal Lust crystalust. An excisional biopsy is a type of biopsy that removes an entire suspected tumor as well as some of the affected skin around it. 12 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Moreover, it is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with approximately 620,000 deaths in both men and women in 2018. When a sentinel node in a given chain is free of tumor. Hold the squeeze for about three seconds, then release. This study aimed to explore the influencing factors of ALNM and develop models that can predict its occurrence preoperatively. Materials & methods: Following a review of published evidence, a writing group representing all disciplines quorate within a. The principle of sentinel node identification and removal is that the sentinel node(s) will be affected by regional lymph node tumor spread before the rest of the lymph nodes in. The right axilla was dissected in 52 cases, and the left axilla was dissected in 48 cases. This surgery was once very common, but less extensive surgery (such as the modified radical mastectomy) has been found to be just as effective and with fewer side. The surgeon sends the lymph nodes to the laboratory. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code C77. Moreover, it is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with approximately 620,000 deaths in both men and women in 2018. 17. Axillary lymph node dissection is a common staging procedure in surgical oncology. Breast C500–C509 (Except for M9732, 9741-9742, 9761-9809, 9820, 9826,Solid masses of dense tissue are hypoechoic. Lumpectomy. The axillary lymph nodes or armpit lymph nodes are lymph nodes in the human armpit. called also axillary gland. Please send any thoughts, comments, and feedback to the Society's publications & research manager, Laura Randel ( lrandel@breastsurgeons. Supplies cutaneous sensation to the upper arm (superior half of the medial and posterior parts). Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO. It is particularly unusual for chyle leakage to occur after. That tactic has worked. 0. Chronic paresthesia is the result of poorly functioning neurons. Methods A. The women were randomly assigned to 175 mg of paclitaxel per square meter by intravenous infusion for 3 hours every 3 weeks for 4 doses, 80 mg of paclitaxel per square meter by intravenous. After a breast cancer diagnosis, a doctor may check whether cancer cells have spread to the axillary lymph nodes. with respect to extent of lymph node dissection. [1] The "axillary tail" has been reported to pass into the axilla through an opening in the deep. It is classified into two histologic types, hyaline vascular (91% of cases) and plasma cell, and two clinical types, localized and disseminated [ 17 ]. 4. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the human body. Mastectomy surgery. Complete or partial replacement of LN with an ill-defined or irregular mass. Axillary lymph node dissection is a common staging procedure in surgical oncology. Summary. 1. It has a reported incidence rate of 0. Lumpectomy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard approach for axillary staging in breast cancer patients with no palpable axillary. Bilateral axillary nodes were noted. Size. Pathologists typically examine the sentinel lymph nodes excised from patients with invasive breast cancer more thoroughly than they have historically those from axillary lymph node clearance specimens. Lymph nodes (or lymph glands) are part of your body’s immune system. This method allows axilla-conserving surgery in patients responding well to NSTWith the increasing need for less-invasive axillary staging after NAC, various procedures have been proposed. Abstract. Typically, a person has 20–30 axillary lymph nodes. Axillary web syndrome (AWS), also known as cording, sometimes develops as a side effect of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Thickening of the cortex is an indicator of an early change in metastasis. Injury results in weakness in adduction >90 degrees. Live Sex Free Cams. In select patients, post-mastectomy radiation therapy has been shown to improve local control and overall survival. In this case, we present a 46-year-old female patient who underwent left breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and left axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Cats that are not on tick preventatives are at a higher risk of developing this condition, due to their susceptibility to tick-borne illnesses. 3 However, Dr. Previous Next. The surgeon removes all the breast tissue. ”. Infections, cancer, and many immune diseases can affect lymph cells and cause an enlargement of lymph nodes. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is an effective staging procedure and provides durable local control with a low rate of recurrence (NSABP B-4). Cortical thickening (> 3 mm) with or without focal bulges (especially asymmetrical, irregular or inhomogeneous) Complete or partial loss or disruption of central fatty hilum. Lymphatic drainage of the breast. 0. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with approximately 2. If you're a patient at MSK and you need to reach a provider after 5 p. a. Each bud has the potential to form shoots, and may be specialized in producing either vegetative shoots (stems and branches) or reproductive shoots (). Hypermetabolic on PET scan means that the tissue lights up or is hotter because it is more active then the background tissues. Patients Two hundred. A robotic surgical system can be used for lymph node dissection in various cancer surgeries for the evaluation of lymph node stage. Mastectomy (complete removal of the tissue of the breast) is one option for the surgical treatment of breast cancer and the only surgical option for breast cancer risk reduction. To the Editor, Oreste Davide Gentilini and colleagues suggest that the five-year outcomes of the SOUND trial , a prospective non inferiority phase 3 randomized clinical. 38555. However, there is a risk of complications such as lymphedema and axillary nerve damage, which can lead to poor quality of life. In performing the breast exam is important to keep in mind the following general points: - It is better not to wear gloves while palpating the breasts. You're free to post your favourite pics or clips of her/them here. Cases of sonographically visible clinical stage T1-2N0M0. Her breast findings were otherwise unremarkable on mammogram and ultrasound. A modified radical mastectomy (right) removes the entire breast — including the breast tissue, skin, areola and nipple — and most of the underarm (axillary) lymph nodes. The best social network with a lot of leaked girls from Onlyfans,. We conducted a systematic review of this issue. The nipple is located in the middle of the. 12 became effective on October 1, 2023. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was developed to allow for assessment of the axillary lymph node status without a formal axillary dissection. "Neoplasm Micrometastasis. non-tender (classically malignancy)Importance The increasing use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) has led to substantial pathological complete response rates in patients with initially node-positive, early breast cancer, thereby questioning the need for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Castleman disease is a rare inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown cause. Once formed, a bud may remain. Media: 52. Takeaway. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM C79. Hyperechoic. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was previously the long-established gold standard for nodal staging in breast cancer, intending to establish nodal stage, optimize regional control, and presumably maximize survival. Patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer undergo breast. In the lungs, this is usually caused by either tuberculosis or histoplasmosis (a fungal infection). BACKGROUND: The prognostic relevance of isolated tumor cells and micrometastases in lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer has become a major issue since the introduction of the sentinel lymph node procedure. Limited lymphadenectomy for staging of para-aortic lymph nodes in malignant primary prostate cancer. Your hips are level, and your kneecaps face straight ahead. 1-3 Axillary LN can be divided into three levels based on their relationship with the pectoralis minor muscle. 8, P<0. This article tries to answer the following questions: A retrospective database. Lymph vessels and nodes of the female breast. Youtuber Alyce Rocha aka Alyska Onlyfans Fanhouse. More Leaks on Leaks4fap. ALND can remove lymph nodes located above, below or directly underneath a muscle that runs along the side of the upper chest. The axillary nerve originates as a terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. AWS is also called “cording. 4. Injury results in weakness in adduction >90 degrees. Vaccine-related axillary nodal enlargement is a common benign condition that many mRNA vaccine receivers experience. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of R22. A median of 1 positive (micro- or macrometastases) SNB node was identified with a range of 1 to 7 positive lymph nodes. Introduction. The identification and biopsy of the sentinel lymph node has become a standard method of treatment for stage I and II breast cancer in the last decades, taking into account the fact that the management of the axilla in patients with breast cancer has evolved from the routine lymphadenectomy to a selective attitude, based on the histopathological evaluation of. 9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 88307 - lymph node, sentinel. Context Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) accurately identifies nodal metastasis of early breast cancer, but it is not clear whether further nodal dissection affects survival. In a mastectomy, skin and underlying tissues are cut, and local inflammation is normal. The lymphatic fluid from the head and neck regions is filtered by the lymph nodes in the neck area. included in ax dissection. 0. Understanding axillary anatomy and lymphatic drainage is key to radiologic evaluation of the axilla. 8 to 12. You may cover the area with a gauze bandage if it weeps or rubs against clothing. The aim of this study was to determine. Various surgical energy devices are used for axillary lymph-node dissection. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) is feasible for axillary staging; however, data on oncological. Abstract. 22020. A lumpectomy is known as “breast-conserving” surgery. This type of biopsy is done when a larger sample area is. This, it is thought, increases the chances of detecting small metastatic foci (i. Breast C500–C509 . A. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) a. Between Feb 19, 2001, and April 29, 2010, 4823 patients were enrolled at 34 centres from nine European countries, of whom 4806 were eligible for randomisation. Palliative Care, St Christopher's Hospice, Surrey. Among the recruited patients, 99 were female and one was male. Purpose Axillary dissection is the standard management of the axilla in invasive breast carcinoma. Purpose To evaluate the value of preoperative axillary ultrasonography (US) for preventing unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection after sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in a large series of patients with early-stage breast cancers treated with both breast-conserving surgery and SLN biopsy. Background: With the growing incidence of breast cancer, efficient and correct staging is essential for further treatment decisions. This muscle is known as the pectoralis minor muscle. Some of the most common causes include hormonal changes, an ill-fitting bra, or a muscle strain. The National Cancer Institute reports. 12968/bjon. Swollen lymph nodes, or swollen glands, in the neck may indicate an infection. Prerequisites . Lymphatic drainage plays a significant role in the pathology and treatment of breast cancer; globally. Figure 1. ICD-10: C77. 1. Shortness of breath or cough. Lay your arm straight at your side. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) accurately stages the axilla in early breast cancer and. Patients age > 75 years old, with metastatic disease, treated with neoadjuvant radiation or endocrine therapy, and those with missing data regarding type of surgery, survival, or staging were. This procedure used to be done widely, but it is done much more selectively in recent years with advances in early detection and treatment, as well as numerous studies showing no increased benefit. • Knowledge of normal axillary anatomy aids in determining the. Heterogeneous fibroglandular tissueZ90. This can help confirm the. (THICC&HOT TWITCH STREAMERS)Credits Alinity ; Twitch: Twitter: Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) is an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer surgery. Introduction Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) aims to stage the axilla and avoid unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and associated morbidity in patients with invasive breastA normal lymph node is ovoid in shape, hypoechoic to the adjacent muscle and frequently contains an echogenic fatty hilum (Fig. 1 million new cases reported worldwide in 2018. Leaked Oxillery. Case report. But instead of carrying blood, these vessels carry the clear watery fluid called lymph. HD. 8%) underwent upfront surgery. Currently such staging is intraoperatively performed, but there is a tendency to seek a preoperative and less invasive technique to detect lymph node metastasis. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the definitive method to exclude axillary metastases. Identifying the presence of axillary node and internal mammary node metastases in patients with invasive breast cancer is critical for determining prognosis and for deciding on appropriate treatment. Consistency. It occurs most commonly in the mediastinum and rarely in the axilla. As the name of the condition implies, it can create a winged appearance. 4 cm. This is not just an issue for the cured breast cancer. : N1: Positive: Cancer is found in 1 to 3 lymph nodes under the arm or lymph nodes within the breast. Axillary lymph node involvement is one important prognostic factor in breast cancer, but the way to access this information has been modified over the years. While axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was historically considered the “gold standard,” several important clinical trials over the past decade have supported the application of less invasive modalities for axillary. Most people with breast cancer need to have at least one of these. Her breast findings were otherwise unremarkable on mammogram and ultrasound. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), along with mastectomy, has played an important role in the radical treatment and staging of breast cancer since it was introduced by Halstead [1,2]. Axillary lymphadenectomy, or axillary dissection, is a procedure where a surgeon dissects out the lymph nodes within the axilla en bloc. The National Cancer Institute reports. Patients with positive SLNB results generally undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Axillary lymph node calcification may be identified mammographically in patients with metastatic ovarian carcinoma and may be evidence of unsuspected metastatic disease. At that time, decisions in breast cancer radiation oncology were relatively straightforward. MARI and SLNB remain insufficient for this purpose, because they miss potentially therapy-resistant disease to a rather high extent. Lymph node swelling usually means the body is fighting a foreign invader, like an infection or an accumulation of abnormal cells. 2334. The microcalcifications were fine and amorphous and hence were deemed suspicious. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) is feasible for axillary staging; however, data on oncological. 1 The probability of developing the disease increases with age, and greatest incidence is in women aged 75–79 years. 1 million women with a history of being treated for breast cancer were alive in January 2014. If it’s a systemic infection that involves the whole body, the enlarged lymph nodes will be more spread out. Dr. Surgery Codes . Oxillery Nude OnlyFans Photos #1. Oxillery leaked nude photo #0014 from Patreon and OnlyFans. To cover 95% of lymph nodes at the cranial and anterior borders of level I, an additional clinical target volume margin of 3. 3, P<0. PMID: DOI: 10. Cells which use more glucose are then called. The most important indication is proven lymph node metastases in breast cancer and melanoma patients. Abstract. Various surgical energy devices are used for axillary lymph-node dissection. 84%, and the majority of the cases published report a leak on the left side with few previous reports of a chyle leak following a right-sided. Rotor’s Nodes: between pectoralis major and minor muscles. Radical mastectomy. doi: 10. Axillary management in patients with breast cancer has become much less invasive and individualized with the introduction of sentinel LN biopsy (SLNB). 15. Ad 30 min ago. 001), 0. Breast-conserving surgery is surgery to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue. Materials and methods: Before May 2010 drains were routinely used in our unit following mastectomy ± axillary surgery and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) ± wide local excision (WLE). Introduction. Design Population-based analysis. 12968/bjon. However, since there are many. Upper respiratory infections:. Axillary ultrasound is increasingly utilized for nodal staging preoperatively in patients presenting with invasive breast cancer to provide guidance for preoperative chemotherapy or proceeding directly to surgery. Historically, lymph node status was determined by surgery first, with adjuvant treatments determined based on the results of the final surgical pathologic analysis. 19 September 2023. In this case, we present a 46-year-old female patient who underwent left breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and left axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). [ edit on Wikidata] An apical (or medial or subclavicular) group of six to twelve glands is situated partly posterior to the upper portion of the Pectoralis minor and partly above the upper border of this muscle. 0 months, the loco-regional recurrence rates were 0% in the mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy only group, 0% in the breast conserving surgery with SLN group and 1. Keep the area clean and dry. The most important indication is proven lymph node metastases in breast cancer and melanoma patients. Only very gentle pressure is required. s. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing tissue expander-based immediate breast reconstruction at our institution from 2010 to 2012 was conducted. In pediatric patients, lymphadenopathy is usually caused by upper respiratory tract infections (see “ Cervical lymphadenopathy ”). The axillary lymph nodes have a. Chest pain or pressure. Radical mastectomy. Oxillery leaked nude photo #0014 from Patreon and OnlyFans. Axillary lymph nodes, located in the armpit, are part of the immune system. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the definitive method to exclude axillary metastases. Importance: The results of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 (ACOSOG Z0011) trial were first reported in 2005 with a median follow-up of 6. Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's germ-fighting network. Speed2. Microcalcifications are actually tiny specks of mineral deposits (such as calcium). Abstract. Armando E. , during the weekend, or on a holiday, call 212-639-2000. Axillary ultrasound (US) remains the most common method for regional nodal involvement assessment. . Physician should be aware of the existence of axillary lymph node metastasis in primary ovarian carcinoma cancer. Thanks in advance guys. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is now often performed instead of axillary dissection for lymph node staging but raises numerous issues of practicality. Masses arising from lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) Lymphadenopathy accounts for >80% of axillary masses. It may be indicated at the time of diagnosis, or in the event of lymph node recurrence. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatments received are shown in Table 1 by treatment sequence. These can either be peripheral lymph nodes found in the outer regions of the lungs or hilar lymph nodes found where the major airways (bronchi) and major blood vessels enter the lungs (called the hilum). This approach can result in downsizing the index tumor and an increased likelihood of breast-conserving surgery [1–3]. Maybe. Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation LevelUltrasound is simple, cheap, and widely available, and it allows real-time evaluation of nodal morphology and image-directed needle biopsies. 2% (95% confidence interval: 12. This is a little less than an inch. Download Full Model Photos And Videos. Article Guidance. CPT codes (surgical pathology) for axillary lymph node: 88305 - axillary tail / axilla, lymph node biopsy. 5. Scattered throughout the body, lymph nodes perform the critical function of filtering both exogenous and endogenous antigens and producing immune response through activated lymphocytes and antibodies. Vaccine-related axillary nodal enlargement is a common benign condition that many mRNA vaccine receivers experience. Z90. Sentinel lymph node biopsy involves the identification, removal, and evaluation of lymph nodes that drain the area of a malignant tumor. For women with more than two positive lymph nodes, axillary. They appear as light gray on the ultrasound. 39 at the midbiceps (p < 0. 18. The upper, outer part of the breast and the armpit are more likely to have nerve injury from surgery. Background The omission of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with breast cancer who have metastatic sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) undergoing mastectomy remains controversial. Monday, July 24, 2023. Hot Female twitch streamer shows boobs on stream. Lymphedema is an abnormal accumulation of protein-rich fluid due to mechanical insufficiency of the lymphatic system. Introduction. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Z90. SEER Program Coding and Staging Manual 2021 Appendix C: Surgery Codes 1 . When the scan is done, these areas "light up. 7% (95% confidence interval: 10. Most ongoing pain or discomfort is caused by bruising, stretching or damage to nerves during surgery or when scar tissue forms. [ edit on Wikidata] The tail of Spence ( Spence's tail, axillary process, axillary tail) has historically been described as an extension of the tissue of the upper outer quadrant of the breast traveling into the axilla. 1 Furthermore, although ALND has never been associated with an. A modified radical mastectomy is the primary treatment for women with locally advanced breast cancer. Giuliano. Postoperative diagnosis: Ruptured Spleen. It includes lymph nodes and a network of lymph vessels called lymphatics that run alongside your dog’s regular blood vessels. Does anything has any content of hers? She has a fanhouse account and post some spicy pics (i don't think she has nudes) Instagram. Regarding metabolic activity. The anatomical variations of 100 axillae dissected for lymph node resection as part of the surgical treatment of patients with breast cancer were recorded. Enlarged lymph nodes should not be ignored. Lymphedema, or a swelling of the region that can be painful and disfiguring, is a common problem that can also result from an axillary lymph node dissection. Radical mastectomy was once a standard treatment. The veins and lymph vessels are both charged with removing liquid and solid debris from tissue. In Figure 2, you can see a calcified lymph node in the armpit. Teaching points. Leaked Oxillery. This is done most commonly for cancer workups and treatment. Oxillery Nude OnlyFans Photos #9. Results: Sixty-seven studies were included. 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like using a. A000 None; no surgery of primary site; autopsy ONLYICD-10 Codes. T1a is a tumor that is larger than 1 mm but 5 mm or smaller. Axillary US images were centrally reviewed for lymph node size, cortical thickness, and cortical morphologic findings (type I indicated no visible cortex; type II, a hypoechoic cortex ≤ 3 mm; type III, a hypoechoic cortex > 3 mm; type IV, a generalized lobulated hypoechoic cortex; type V, focal. lymphedema. II: behind pectoralis minor.